At present, in the field of machining, CNC machine tools have many advantages compared with traditional machine tools, so they are widely used, but the equipment is a collection of machines, electricity, liquid, gas, microelectronics and other technologies. After a fault occurs in a piece of equipment, there are certain difficulties in troubleshooting and repairing. This requires the operator to take precautions when using the CNC machine tool, thereby reducing the probability of failure and improving the utilization of the machine tool.
1. Before use, in accordance with the technical requirements of the CNC machine tool for the installation and use environment, the machine tool should be placed in a relatively dust-free, constant temperature, constant humidity location. Although it is currently difficult to do, it is necessary to create a sword as much as possible and try to be close to such a use environment. In addition, in the case of normal use after the machine is installed, pay attention to the following:
Before the machine is used, checking the machine tool can reduce the failure of the machine during use and affect production.
(1) Before power-on, check the appearance of the CNC machine, the electrical pipeline and some external auxiliary equipment, and whether there are abnormal conditions. In particular, external auxiliary equipment: if there is a hydraulic system pumping station, it is necessary to observe whether the amount of hydraulic oil is sufficient; if it is equipped with a pneumatic system, it is necessary to carry out regular air compressor and water storage pressure vessel drainage to prevent accumulation of accumulation. More moisture, which is driven by the airflow, enters the inside of the machine, causing corrosion or even damage to parts.
(2) Power-on, in accordance with the normal power-on sequence: the total power supply of the machine tool – CNC system power supply – servo system power supply – release the emergency stop button to reduce the impact on the electrical components of the CNC system and extend the service life.
(3) After power-on, lubrication is an indispensable condition for any moving parts to maintain normal motion trajectory, reduce motion friction, and improve service life. This is to require us to pay attention to check whether the amount of lubricating oil in the lubricating device is sufficient. When it is insufficient, it should be replenished in time. It is necessary to check whether the liquid filter is clogged regularly, check whether the oil circuit is smooth, and whether the oil outlets are normal or not. Flow out. Once such problems are discovered, they must be dealt with in a timely manner. Moving parts such as machine guides and lead screws, if working in the absence of lubricating oil, increase frictional resistance, increase the power consumption of the machine tool, waste power and energy, and on the other hand accelerate the wear of moving parts and affect the machine tool. Accuracy affects the quality of workpiece machining.
Second, in use, CNC machine tools should be strictly controlled within the scope of their use during use, otherwise it may cause damage to the machine tool, such as: machining center, CNC milling machine placed on the work table and its fixtures Must not exceed the maximum load-bearing capacity of the workbench, otherwise it will cause damage to the moving guide rail; the cutting force should not be overloaded as much as possible, otherwise it will cause damage and failure of the transmission mechanism. More serious, the spindle motor or feed shaft motor will be burnt due to excessive current. Wait. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid the natural frequency of the machine tool to prevent resonance, affect the machining accuracy, and even cause damage to the cutting tool and machine tool components. In the use of machine tools, we can fully mobilize our various senses, listen, touch, see, smell, etc., to find problems and solve problems in a timely manner.
(1) Listening to the sound, the machine will have a certain sound when it is running, but we should also pay attention to whether there is abnormal sound, such as: the sound of air leaking from the trachea, the sudden change of the lubrication system “嗒嗒嗒”, Such abnormal sounds occur in the cutting of the tool, etc., and it is necessary to stop in time to prevent the situation from expanding.
(2) Touching the temperature of the machine tool, when the machine tool is running, it is normal to have a certain temperature rise, because there is friction in the operation process, which generates heat. Under normal circumstances, when the machine tool reaches a certain time, it will reach The balance of heat, that is, the temperature is basically constant, generally at 50-60 degrees. If you put your hand on it, you can’t stay, indicating that the temperature is too high at this time, and you should check whether the lubrication is sufficient.
(3) Look at the parts of the machine that have poor working conditions. Because CNC machine tools are used for processing, most of the time, spray coolant, once to rinse and cool the workpiece and the tool, so that there are broken iron scraps and cutting fluids. The working conditions are very poor, especially the travel switch of the tool holder moving forward and backward on the CNC machine tool. It is very possible to rush into the broken iron scraps, so that the expansion and contraction of the contacts is not flexible enough. At this time, we must work hard and clean up in time. In addition, in the case of partial cutting, it is also possible to produce strip-shaped iron filings, which are easily entangled on the tool and the workpiece, affecting the cooling effect and causing the squeezing, causing damage to the tool, and also requiring timely cleaning.
(4) Smell the smell, smell whether there is odor, mainly the pungent smell of the electrical pipeline.
Third, after use
(1) Correct shutdown, in accordance with the correct shutdown sequence: emergency stop button – servo system power – CNC system power – machine tool total power.
(2) Clean up in time and carry out daily maintenance. After the machine is used, it is necessary to carry out hygienic cleaning in time, and then apply oil on the moving guide surface of the machine tool and some parts to carry out anti-rust maintenance.
The above are some of the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of using the CNC machine tool. We should pay attention to it in the whole process, in order to give full play to the efficiency of the machine tool, improve the processing quality and produce the expected benefits.